Research & Development (R&D) in Indian government colleges is rapidly growing, driven by the Ministry of Education's push for Research & Development Cells (RDCs) and Institutional Innovation Councils (IICs) under the National Education Policy (NEP), fostering industry links, patenting, and innovation in strategic areas like AI, Biotech, & Climate Tech through DST/SERB schemes (FIST, SERB-POWER, BUILDER). While India sees lower business participation in R&D compared to developed nations, the focus is shifting towards self-reliance, interdisciplinary research, and supporting faculty & students in translating ideas into solutions for national needs.